ISO/TR 24291:2021

This document lists examples of and defines categories of use cases for machine learning in medicine for clinical practice. The developments and applications of machine learning technologies for artificial intelligence consist of 1) data collection and curation, 2) pre-processing, 3) model training and validation, and 4) medicine depending on various kinds of specialty including radiology, pathology, emergency medicine, dermatology, ophthalmology, anaesthesia, surgery, etc., and clinical settings including repeated detection and/or diagnosis, real-time monitoring, and treatment prediction. This document covers categories applications of medicine in (4). It also defines the clinical usages and necessities of the artificial intelligence in medicine. (1) to (3) are not the scope of this document This document also excludes — basic research and other scientific areas, — use cases related to artificial intelligence methods other than machine learning (for example, symbolic artificial intelligence, expert systems), and — non-human results such as veterinary medicine.